COMPUTER NETWORKING AND TOPOLOGY

Computer Networking

• a connection between two computers by direct cabling is qualified to be a network.
• in the world of computer, networking is the practise of linking two/more computing device together for the purpose of sharing data.
• networking are built with a mix of computer hardware & computer software.

Networking Classification.

1. LAN (Local Area Network) - a computer that interconnects computers within a limited area & has its network equipment & interconnects locally manage. e.g: a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, office building.
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - a computer network that interconnects user with computer resources in a geographic area/region larger than that covered by even a large LAN but smaller than area covered by WAN. e.g: the cable television network available in many cities.
3. WAN (Wide Area Network) - a computer that extends over a large geographical distance. The Internet may be considered a WAN. e.g: use technology like ATM for connectivity over the long distance.
4. PAN (Personal Area Network) - a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices. PAN can be used for communication amongst the personal devices themselves. e.g: computers, telephones, tablets, printer, fax machine, scanner, PD A's.

Network Components

1. Terminal & Workstation - normally refers to data sources & destination. e.g : personal computer, terminals, workstation.
2. Network electronic devices (network hardware) - network hardware includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards & other equipment needed to perform data-processing & communications within the network. e.g : hub, bridge, router, switch gateway.
3. Network Software - the information, data/programming used to make it possible for computers to communicate/connect to one another. e.g : Windows 95, Win 98, NOS (Networking Operating System)
4. Network Architecture Standard - Blueprint of standards for a network consisting of items such as media interface, encoding methods, transmission protocols, routing protocols.
5. Transmission media - the physical pathway that connect computers & devices on a network. have two categories which are bounded & unbounded.

• Bounded - which provide a conduct from one to another. e.g : twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable & fibre-optic cable.
• Unbounded - media transport electromagnetic waves without using physical conductor. e.g : satellite communication, cellular telephony & microwave transmission.

The Use Computer Network

• sharing physical resources such as printers.
• provide a powerful communication medium among employees.
• using computer network, manufactures can place order electronically as needed. this reduces the needed for large inventories & enhances efficiency.
• home user can access information, communicate with other people & buy products & services with e-commerce.
• can be surfing the World Wide Web for information/just for fun.
• sharing public domain music, families sharing photos, movies & user downloading public software package.
• can be used by applications to carry audio & video.

Advantages Computer Network

1. Speed - networks provide very rapid method for sharing & transferring files. This method of transferring files (referred to as sneaker-net) is very time-consuming.
2. Cost - network able versions of many popular software programmes are available at considerable savings when compared to buying individually licensed.
3. Security - files & programmes on a network can be designated as "copy inhibit", so that you do not have to worry about illegal copying of programmes.

Network Topology

- indicates how a network is design or lay out.

- network topology has 2 part which are physical topology & logical topology.

• Logical Topology : the mapping of the 'flow of'' data between the nodes in the network.
• Physical Topology : indicates how the devices in the network are arranged.

- there are 4 most common physical topology.

1. Bus network - consists of a continuous length of cable that connects 2 / more devices together. A bus called a backbone network. Each end of the cable on the bus network must have a terminator.
2. Star network - consists of individual computer connected to a centre point on the network. Each computer connected to a centre network connector, called a hub.
3. Ring network - consists of individual computer connected to a single length of cable arranged in a ring. The information travels in one direction only. There is no beginning / end in a ring network.
4. Hybrid network - a network structure used a mixture of many different of network structure. Hybrid network structure such as ring, star, bus network in one large network.

 

there are some video that you can watch :)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ap0UrGYsxrk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osWctsnbMa4

HAVE FUN !!!   😉 😊